بررسی تاثیر زمان وجین و تراکم‌های مختلف علف‌هرز تاج‌خروس ریشه قرمز Amaranthus retroflexus L.)) بر خصوصیات رشدی و کیفیت الیاف پنبه در ورامین

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد زراعت دانشگاه پیام نور کرج

2 استادیار بخش تحقیقات نظام‌های نوین زراعی و باغی ، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان تهران، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ورامین، ایران

3 استادیار دانشگاه پیام نور کرج

4 استادیار دانشگاه پیامنور کرج

5 محقق مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان تهران

چکیده

ه‌منظور ارزیابی اثرات علف هرز تاج‌خروس بر روی گیاه زراعی پنبه تحقیقی در سال 1393 در مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان تهران (ورامین) اجرا شد. آزمایش بر پایه طرح آماری بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با نه تیمار شامل سه زمان کشت تاج خروس (همزمان با کشت پنبه، دوبرگی و چهاربرگی پنبه) و سه تراکم کاشت (سه، شش، 12تاج خروس در هر متر مربع) و در سه تکرار انجام شد. نتایج پژوهش حاکی از این بود که کلیه خصوصیات کمی مورد ارزیابی گیاه زراعی پنبه اعم از ارتفاع، تعداد شاخه رویشی، تعداد شاخه زایشی، ارتفاع اولین شاخه زایشی، طول اولین شاخه زایشی، شاخص سطح‌برگ، بیوماس ساقه، بیوماس برگ، تعداد قوزه، وزن بیست قوزه و عملکرد در تمام تیمارها نسبت به شاهد (کشت خالص پنبه) کاهش یافت. تفاوت بین تیمارها روی تمام صفات مورد ارزیابی به‌غیر از صفات کیفی (طول الیاف، درصد یکنواختی، ظرافت الیاف، مقاومت الیاف، کشش الیاف) به احتمال 99 درصد تاثیرگذار بود. به‌گونه‌ای که با نزدیک شدن زمان سبز‌شدن تاج‌خروس به زمان سبز‌شدن پنبه و با تراکم 12 بوته تاج‌خروس، صفات مورفولوژیکی پنبه و عملکرد کاهش نشان داد. با توجه به افت چشم‌گیر عملکرد پنبه در حضور علف‌هرز نسبت به شاهد، توجه به زمان وجین علف‌هرز تاج‌خروس الزامی می‌باشد. با توجه به اینکه نتایج کلی نشان داد که بیش‌ترین کاهش مربوط به تیمار تراکم 12 بوته تاج‌خروس و زمان سبز‌شدن همزمان علف‌هرز تاج‌خروس با زمان کشت پنبه بود، کنترل علف‌هرز تاج‌خروس از ابتدای فصل رشد و وجین به موقع علف‌هرز تاج‌خروس از اول زمان کاشت تا قبل از تشکیل قوزه پنبه الزامی می‌باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Time Weeding And Weed Densities (Amaranthus Retroflexus) on Growth CHaracteristics And Quality of Cotton Fiber (Case Study: Varamin City Farms)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Elahe Esfanjani 1
  • Behnam zand 2
  • kamal sadat asylan 3
  • mina rabie 4
  • mohammad hassan jafari sayadi 3
  • saied mohammadi 5
1 Karaj Payam-e-Noor University agronomy graduate student
2 Seed and Plant Improvement Research Department, Tehran Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Varamin, Iran
3 Karaj Payam Noor University research assistant
4 Karaj Payam Noor University research assistant
5 . Tehran Agriculture and Natural Resources Research and Education Center research worker
چکیده [English]

In order to evaluate the effects of pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexusL.)on growth properties of cotton (gossypium hirsutum), this research was conducted in Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Center of Tehran province in 2014. Field trial was based on randomized complete block design with 9 treatments (consisting of three Amaranthus retroflexus emergency times coincide with cotton cultivation, two-leaves and four-leaves of cotton and three plant densities including (3, 6 and 12 Amaranthus retroflexus per square meter) in three replications. The results showed that all cotton quantity properties consisting of plant height, number of sympodia and monopodia, height and  lenght of the first sympodia, leaf area index, leaf and stem biomass, number and weight of boll, and cotton yield in all treatments reduced compared to control treatment (cotton cultivation). The difference among treatments was significant in all traits except quality traits at the level of 1% so that emergence of pigweed coincide with cotton emergence by density of 12 plant pigweed, Morphological traits and cotton yield decreased. Due to the significant reduction in cotton yield in the presence of weed compared to conrol treatment,consideration of Amaranthus retroflexus time weeding  is mandatory. Considering that the highest cotton yield reduction was related to plant density of 12 pigweed and coinciding germination of pigweed with cotton cultivation time, it is necessary weed control of pigweed from the beginning growth season and timely weeding at sowing time before formation of boll.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Competition
  • biomass
  • morphological traits
  • coefficient of determination
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