تنوع ژنوتیپی و اجزای همبسته با عملکرد، کیفیت الیاف و هتروزیس در برخی هیبریدهای پنبه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

دانشیار و عضو هیات‌علمی مؤسسه تحقیقات پنبه کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، گرگان، ایران

چکیده

بهبود عملکرد یکی از اهداف مهم به‌نژادی پنبه محسوب می‌شود و بهره‌گیری از هتروزیس به‌عنوان یکی از ابزارهای قدرتمند جهت ارتقای عملکرد و کیفیت الیاف پنبه همیشه مورد توجه به‌نژادگران پنبه بوده است. به منظور بررسی خصوصیات والدینی و میزان هتروزیس مفید قابل دستیابی در هیبریدهای پنبه، تلاقی‌های متعددی در سال‌های 1389 و 1391 انجام و بر اساس ارزیابی‌های مقدماتی تعداد ده هیبرید انتخاب و در سال 1393 در کنار ده ژنوتیپ والدینی و تجاری در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار ارزیابی شدند و داده‌های آزمایشی با استفاده از روشهای آماری و بیومتریک مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفتند. نتایج تجزیه واریانس صفات دلالت بر تنوع ژنوتیپی و اختلاف معنی‌دار بین هیبریدها و والدین مورد مطالعه برای اکثر صفات کمی و کیفی داشت. در بین هیبریدهای مورد بررسی، Mehr× BeliIzovar و T2×Bakhtegan به‌ترتیب با عملکرد 4993 و 4876 کیلوگرم در هکتار در رتبه‌های اول و دوم قرار گرفتند و میزان هتروزیس عملکرد آنها نسبت به والد برتر مثبت و به ترتیب 7/24 و 8/22 درصد بود. بر اساس عملکرد و شاخص‌های کیفیت الیاف، هیبریدهای Sahel× Khordad و Sahel× B557 در رتبه‌های بالاتر قرار گرفتند. رقم‌های والدینی ساحل، ورامین، گلستان و خرداد به ترتیب مناسب‌ترین والدین برای بهبود کیفیت الیاف، وزن غوزه و تعداد غوزه بودند. میزان هتروزیس عملکرد هیبریدها ارتباطی با پتانسیل والدین نشان نداد، ولی با میزان اختلاف والدین و ترکیب‌پذیری خصوصی (SCA) همبستگی نسبتاً قوی داشت و در بین ژنوتیپ‌های والدینی، بیشترین هتروزیس مربوط به تلاقی‌ ژنوتیپ‌های داخلی و خارجی بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Genotypic variation and correlated components of yield, fiber quality and heterosis in some cotton hybrids

نویسنده [English]

  • Omran Alishah
Associate Prof., Cotton Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Gorgan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Yield and fiber quality are the main objectives of cotton breeding programme. Developing of cotton hybrid and using of heterosis was considered as a powerful tool for cotton yield and fiber quality improvement of. The objective of this study was assessment of some new cotton hybrids in northern of Iran. For this purpose, ten cotton hybrids as well as ten parental lines (Gossypium hirsutum L.) were grown at HashemAbad Cotton Research station, Gorgan- Iran. The genotypes were arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications in 2014. Data were recorded on plant height, boll weight, seed cotton yield plot-1, earliness and fiber charactristics. The results indicate significant variation among the genotypes for most of the parameters. Midparent heterosis for yield ranged 0.7-33.1 percent over different hybrids. The Mehr × BeliIzovar and T2 × Bakhtegan hybrids performed well by having maximum heterosis (28.5 and 33.1 %), seedcotton yield (4993 and 4876, respectively), good maturity, but lower fiber quality indices. The Sahel× Khordad and Sahel× B557 hybrids showed appreciable genetic potential for relatively yield production and fiber quality indices. Sahel, Varamin, Khordad and Golestan were the most suitable parents for improving the fiber quality, boll weight and boll number, respectively. The heterosis of the hybrids did not show significant correlation with the parental yield potential, but with significant correlation with parental distance and specific combining ability (SCA). The highest heterosis was observed in endemic × exotic genotype crosses.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Cotton
  • Correlation
  • combining ability
  • Fiber quality index

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